Notes for carbon and its compound chapter of class 10 science. Dronstudy provides free comprehensive chapter-wise class 10 Science notes with proper images & diagram.
Carbon is a chemical element like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen etc. It is versatile non-metal.
Properties of Carbon:
1. Atomic Number: 6
2. Electronic configuration : 2, 4.
3. Valency of Carbon:
4. Self -combination (Catenation):
For example,
Occurrence of Carbon:
Carbon occurs in two forms in nature
Free state: Graphite, Diamond, Fullerene.
Combined State: Carbon Combines with other elements to form compounds such as carbon dioxide (CO2), glucose (C6H22O6), sugar (C12H22O11) etc.
Allotropes of Carbon:
Different forms of an element which have different physical appearance and properties but their chemical properties are same are called allotropes.
There are three allotropes of carbon:
Diamond:
Diamond is a three dimensional network of strong carbon - carbon covalent bands.
Properties of Diamond:
Uses of Diamonds:
Graphite:
Properties of Graphite:
Uses of Graphite:
Fullerene:
Properties of Fullerene:
Uses of Fullerene:
Compounds of Carbon:
Compounds of carbon are classified into two types:
1. Organic Compounds:
Organic compounds are the compounds made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and
oxygen (O) generally. Organic compounds contains at least one C — H bond.
Examples: Methane (CH4), Methanol (CH3OH), Glucose (C6H12O6 {j).
2. Inorganic Compounds:
Inorganic compounds do to have any C — H bonds.
Examples: Carbon mono oxide {CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Organic Compounds:
Hydrocarbons:
Compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only, are known as Hydrocarbons can further classify into types -
Saturated Hydrocarbons:
The saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are linked together by single bonds only
For example:
All saturated hydrocarbons are known as “ALKANES".
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
The hydrocarbons containing multiple bonds between two carbon atoms are called Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons can be further divided into two categories -
1. Alkenes: Hydrocarbons having at least one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as Alkenes. For example:
2. Alkynes: Hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms are known as Alkynes. For example:
Naming and Structure of Saturated Hydrocarbons / Alkanes
The name of an alkane is made up of two parts:
The prefix is dependent on the number of carbon atoms in the chain of carbon atoms
General formula of saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes) is CnH2n+2•
Here, n is number of carbon atom
Structure of Alkanes:
Then. CnH2n+2 = CH 4
The compound made is Methane.
H
H— C — H
H
Methane (CH,)
Then, CnH2n+2 = C2H6
The compound made is Ethane.
Ethane can also be written as CH3 — CH3 or CH3CH3 .
3. If number of carbon atoms (n) = 3
Then, CnH2n+2 = C3H8
The compound made is Propane.
Propane can also be written as CH3 - CH2 - CH3 or CH3CH2CH3.
4. If number of carbon atoms (n) = 4
Then CnH2n+2 = C4H10
The compound made is Butane.
Butane can also be written as CH3— CH2 — CH2 — CH3 Or CH3 CH2CH2CH3.
5. If number of carbon atoms (n) = 5
Then, CnH2n+2 = C5H12
The compound made is Pentane.
Pentane can also be written as CH3 — CH2 — CH2— CH2 — CH3 or CH3 CH2CH2CH2CH3.
6. If number of carbon atoms (n) = 6
Then, CnH2n+2 = C6H14
The compound made is Hexane.
Hexane can also written as CH3 — CH2— CH2 — CH2— CH2 — CH3 or
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 .
7. If number of carbon atoms (n) = 7
Then, CnH2n+2 = C7H16
The compound made is Heptane.
Heptane can also be written as CH3— CH2 — CH2 — CH2— CH2— CH2 — CH3 or CH3— CH2 — CH2 — CH2— CH2— CH2 — CH3 or CH3 — (CH2)5 — CH3.
Straight Chain Alkanes:
In the straight-chain alkanes, there are only single covalent bonds joining one carbon atom to another carbon atom in straight line. For examples, methane, ethane, propane, butane, heptane etc.
The prefix n- is used before each straight chain hydrocarbon. For example, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane etc.
Branched chain Alkanes:
Branched chain alkanes are derived from the straight-chain alkanes system by removing one of the hydrogen atoms from a methylene group (-CH2-) and replacing it with an alkyl group.
The straight chain joining all carbon atoms is called parent chain and branches of branched chain alkanes are called substitute groups.
For naming of branched chain alkanes, we have to follow certain rules:
1. Longest Chain Rule:
Select longest possible chain containing C atoms.
This will give you the parent name of the alkane.
2. Numbering of Chain:
Numbering of chain is done from the end from which the substituent is
closer.
If there are substituent that are the same number of carbons in from either
end, start the numbering from the end nearest the next substituent.
The carbon number where the substitute group is attached appears in the
name of the compound.
3. Naming of Substituent Group:
The hydrocarbon groups attached to the parent chain are called alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.
Name the substituent as an alkyl group based on the number of carbons in this chain.
Place the name of the branched substituent, preceded by a number indicating the carbon of the parent - chain carbon to which it joins.
Name of Compound:
The name of parent chain alkanes is made up of two parts:
Word root / preffix - depends on number of carbon atoms in parent chain.
Suffix - depends on type of hydrocarbon. Here suffix is "ane".
Now to name the compound, place the name of substituent in parentheses.
preceded by a number indicating the carbon of the carbon to which it joins.
Naming and Structure of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
Alkenes: Alkenes are hydrocarbons with at least one double bond.
The name of an alkene is made up of two parts.
(a) a prefix (first part of the name, alk)
(b) a suffix (last part of the name, ene)
The prefix is dependent on the number of carbon atoms in the chain of carbon atoms.
General formula of Alkenes is CnH2n . Here, n is number of carbon atoms.
Molecular formula and structure of some alkenes:
Alkyne: Alkynes are hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond.
The name of an alkyne is made up of two parts:
(a) a prefix (first part of the name, alk)
(b) a suffix (last part of the name, yne)
The prefix is dependent on the number of carbon atoms in the chain of carbon atoms.
General formula of Alkenes is CnH2n-2 Here, n is number of carbon atoms.
Molecu1ar formula and structure of some alkynes.
Isomers:
The organic compounds which have same molecular formula but different structures are called “Isomers".
Note: At least4 carbon atoms are required for hydrocarbons to show Isomerism.
Isomers of Different Alkanes:
Isomers of Different Alkenes:
Cyclic Structure:
When a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring, it is called cyclic structure.
When carbon atoms are connected in ring form, such hydrocarbon atoms are called cyclic hydrocarbon.
A cycloalkane is a cyclic hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon -carbon bonds
are single bonds.
If a simple straight alkane is converted to a cycloalkane, two hydrogen atoms, one from each end of the chain, must be lost. Hence the general formula for a cycloalkane composed of n carbons is C2H2n.
Note - Butene. and cyclobutane have same molecular formula C4H8. but different structural formulae so they are called structural isomers.
Benzene (C6H6):
Benzene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H6.
It is a six carbon ring hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are joined by alternating double end single bonds.
Sometimes a circle is used inside the hexagon as an alternative to represent the six pi electrons.
Homologous Series:
A series of organic compounds having similar properties in which the successive members differ by a — CH2 group is called a Homologous series.
Homologous Series of Different Hydrocarbons:
Characteristics of Homologous Series
All the members of a Homologous series follow a general formula. For example;
All alkanes follow a general formula CnH2n+2.
All alkenes follow general formula CnH2n .
All alkynes follow a general formula CnH2n-2 .
Two successive members of a series differ by a "— CH2" group.
All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical properties.
In a Homologous series, the molecular mass of members increases with increasing number of carbon atoms and the molecular mass differ by 14 between two successive members.
Members of a homologous series show gradual change in their physical properties like bailing point, melting point, solubility etc.
Melting point / boiling point α Molecular Mass
Solubility α 1
Molecular Mass
Functional Group:
Atoms or group of atoms which provide certain specific properties when attached to a
carbon chain is called a functional group.
1. Halogen Group (X = F, Cl, Br, I):
When any halogen group is attached with alkanes they form haloalknes.
C2H2n+2 + .X ------------> C2H2n+1 X
For example:
CH3 -Cl Chloromethane
CH3 -CH2 -Br Bromomethane
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -I Iodopropane
2. Alcoh ol (-OH) : -OH is called Hydroxyl group. When a hydroxyl group is attached with carbon backbone (like alkanes), they are named as alcohol.
C2H2n+2 + .OH ------------> C2H2n+1 OH or C2H2n+2 O
(General formula)
For example:
CH3 — OH Methanol
CH3 — CH2 — OH Ethanol
CH3 — CH2 — CH2— OH Propanol
CH3 — CH2 — CH2— CH2 — OH Butanol
3. Aldehyde (— CHO): When an aldehyde group is attached with alkyl group, the compound is called an aldehyde.
C2H2n+2 + .CHO ------------> C2H2n O (General Formula)
4. Ketone (— CO):
In a ketone, the carbonyl carbon is doubly-bonded to an oxygen, and single bonded to two alkyl groups.
Both groups should be alkyl groups. If either of the group or both groups are “H", it becomes an aldehyde.
For Example:
5. Carboxylic Acid (— COOH) :
In Carboxylic acid, a carbon (C) atom is attached to en oxygen (O) atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group (-OH) by a single bond.
The forth bond links carbon atom with hydrogen atom or with any alkyl group.
For example:
Characteristics Properties of Carbon & it's Compounds:
1. Combustion:
Burning of carbon or its compounds in presence of oxygen is called combustion.
In combustion process, mainly two products are formed i.e. CO2, and H2O and energy is released in form of heat and light.
Note: Most of the hydrocarbons are used as fuel as they release energy on burning in air.
For example:
Methane (CH4) is used in Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
Butane (C4H10) is used in Liquified Petroleum Gas(LPG).
Octane (C8H18) is used in Petrol as the main compound.
Saturated hydrocarbons burn in air giving a clean blue flame.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons burn in air giving a sooty flame (with lot of smoke).
Combustion are of two types:
1. Complete Combustion: In this combustion, sufficient amount of oxygen is present.
C + O2 ---------------> CO2
2. Incomplete Combustion: Limited amount of oxygen is there.
C + O2 ---------------> CO + CO2
If combustion of saturated hydrocarbons is complete, they release clean blue
If combustion of saturated hydrocarbons is incomplete, they release sooty flame.
Burning of Substance with and without flame:
The fuels which are vaporisable (can be converted to vapors) burns with flame.
For example: candle, petrol, naphthalene bum with flame.
The fuels which do not vaporise, burn without flame. For example: coal burns
without flame.
Yellow Color of Candle Flame:
When wax is heated it melts and gets converted into vapors.
In candles there is no provision for the proper mixing of wax vapors and air so
incomplete combustion occurs.
Also small unburnt carbon particles are produced which rise and get heated and
glow to give out yellowish light.
2. Oxidation Reactions
Oxidation is addition of oxygen. Carbon compounds get easily oxidized on combustion.
CH4 + O2 ---------------> H2O
(addition of Oxygen)
Alcohols undergo oxidation in presence of oxidizing agents like alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4 ) to form carboxylic acid.
3. Substitution Reactions:
The reactions in which one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by some other atoms are called substitution reactions.
These reactions are shown by saturated hydrocarbons only.
Presence of sunlight is necessary for these substitution reactions.
4. Addition Reactions:
The reactions in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon combines with other substances to form a single product is called addition reactions.
Only unsaturated hydrocarbons can show addition reactions.
The reaction is named according to the name of substance added to unsaturated hydrocarbons.
For example: if hydrogen reacts with unsaturated hydrocarbons, the reaction is called hydrogenation. If chlorine reacts with unsaturated hydrocarbons, the reaction is called Chlorination.
Hydrogenation:
When unsaturated hydrocarbons react with hydrogen in presence of Ni, Pt or Pd (Catalyst) they get converted into saturated hydrocarbons.
Commercially Important Compounds of Carbon
1. Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Physical Properties:
Physical State: Ethanol is a colorless liquid having a pleasant smell.
Boiling Point: Ethanol is volatile liquid having boiling 78°C.
Solubility in Water: Ethanol is soluble in water in all proportions, that’s why it
is the main component of alcoholic drinks and known as Alcohol.
Harmful Effects of Ethanol:
Consumption of alcohol is not good for human health. It slows down the
metabolic process.
It depresses the central nervous system.
It causes lack of coordination, metal confusion and drowsiness.
It affects kidney and liver function.
Note: Pure ethanol (known as absolute alcohol) is very health hazardous.
2. Methanol (CH3OH)
It is too a type of alcohol which is poisonous in nature. Methanol is colorless, volatile, with a distinctive odor similar to ethanol.
Poisonous Nature of Methanol:
Methanol (CH3OH) is poisonous as it is oxidized to Methanal (CH3CHO) in liver, which rapidly reacts with the protoplasm (liquid present in cells) and coagulates it, like egg is coagulated on boiling.
Liver
CH3OH -----------------------------> CH3CHO
(Methanol) (Methanal)
Methanol damages optic nerve causing permanent blindness in a person.
3. Denatured Alcohol:
Physical Properties:
It is the ethyl alcohol which is made unfit for drinking by adding small amounts of poisonous methanol, copper sulphate etc.
Sometimes a dye is also added to give it a blue color.
Chemical Properties:
a. Combustion:
Ethanol undergoes combustion giving CO2 and H2O along with release of energy.
2C2H5OH + 7O2 ----------------> 4CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
As ethanol gives only carbon dioxide (CO2) and water an combustion with no other gas it is a cleaner fuel.
b. Reaction with Metals:
Reaction of ethanol with metals shows its acidic nature.
c. Reaction with conc. H2SO4:
When ethanol is healed with concentrated sulphuric acid, ethene is collected over water. This is called dehydration of Alcohol.
Here concentrated H2SO4 is acting as a dehydrating agent.
Uses of Ethanol:
Used as a solvent: Many organic compounds which are insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol.
It is used as a fuel in cars along with petrol. This mixture of alcohol and petrol is known as power alcohol.
It is used in alcoholic drinks like whisky, beer etc.
It is used as an antiseptic to sterilize wounds and syringes in hospitals.
4. Ethanoic Acid:
It is also called acetic acid.
Vinegar is 5 — 8% aqueous solution of acetic acid making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water.
Physical Properties:
It is a sour, colorless liquid having smell of vinegar.
Its boiling point is 118°C.
When pure ethanol is cooled, it freezes to give a solid which looks like a
glacier, due to which it is known as glacial acetic acid.
Chemical Properties:
a. Action on Litmus:
It converts blue litmus paper into red.
Acetic acid is organic acid. That’s why it is always weak in nature. Whereas hydrochloric acid (HCI) is a strong acid.
b. Reaction with Alcohol (Esterification):
When acetic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid as a catalyst, ester (ethyl ethanoate) is produced.
Since ester is formed in this process, the reaction is also known as Esterification.
If ester again reacts with H2O in presence of acid, acetic acid and ethanol is produced.
Esters are sweet smelling compounds. Therefore, these are used in making perfumes.
c. Reaction with Base:
Acetic acid (CH3COOH ) when reacts with sodium hydroxide (a base), sodium acetate (CH3COONa ) a salt and H2O are formed.
This is an example of an acid-base neutralization reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce water plus a salt i.e. CH3 COONa.
d. Reaction with Sodium Carbonate & Bicarbonate:
When sodium carbonate sodium bicarbonate react with acetic acid, sodium acetate (CH3COONa ), H2O and CO2 is released.
CO2 is the main product of reaction: it is released with brisk effervescence.
Use of CH3COOH:
It is used in form of vinegar as a preservative for food & pickles.
Used to form esters which are used in perfumes and scents.
Soap and Detergents:
Soap:
A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long chain carboxylic acid, which has cleansing property in water.
Sodium stearate (C17H35COO-Na+ ) is the most common soap used in domestic purpose.
Structure of Sodium Carbonate
Detergent:
Any substance which has cleansing action in water is called detergent.
Cleansing Action of Soap:
When a cloth with dirt attached to it is immersed in water containing soap, then the hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic end) is attached to the dirt particle whereas the ionic end (hydrophilic end) points outward, towards water.
So the dirt particles are surrounded by the soap molecules forming a micelle.
This micelle gets attached with water molecules through the ionic end and is washed away along with the dirt panicles.
Soft and Hard Water:
Soft water easily generates lather/ foam with soap.
But hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When salts of calcium and magnesium react with soap molecules, they form a precipitate instead of lather.
The precipitate formed in this reaction is called scum.
Since the scum is insoluble in water, soap cannot form lather in hard water.
Detergents on the other hand are less likely to form these scum.
Detergents are the sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids which has more cleansing property in water than soap
Chemical formula of detergent: CH3-(CH2)11-C6H4-SO3-Na+
More understandable than ncert
Nice notes
What is the diffrence between living and non living cell.. please tell me
U can ans . Me on whatsup..9057726582
If you have any doubt regarding this subject please post your doubt on doubts.dronstudy.com
Excellent note for both Students and teachers, it wil be better if available in pdf format..
Sir excellent notes.Can you add detailed notes of cleansing action of soaps as well more about detergents and hardness of water.It would be great.
Nice notes
good one really!!!!
Very helpful, covered the full chapter, easy to read language and point to explanation.
There is a mistake in page / image 4.(inorganic compounds) You should work on that.
wow yaar !its really helpful 4me . thank u from my heart☺☺☺dronostudy and those who are giving board exam this time BEST OF LUCK TO ALL
Very good
Dronstudy made all the hard chapters easier for me. This site is extremely helpful if you do not have a guide for studying.
Thanks Dronstudy!!!!!!!!!!
Nice note . Its really help me
Nice
Really helpful
awesome notes. very helpful
Thanks for giving us outstanding work
Brilliant..
It's the best one ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ five star from me
Dronstudy u r fabulous...
This helped me a lot..
I am from state syllabus.This year it is CBSE
I thought I will be tough but after seeing ur notes it is very easy to understand .....be charming like this only.
These notes helped me a lot and it would be pleasure if assignments of the same are being posted
These notes were amazing man!
Thanks a lot...
You are very helpful
Thankyou very much. You are like my best friend
Thanks a lot...
You are very helpful
BADIYA NOTES HAI YARRO...
THANKS DRONSTUDY.
notes will be help in our exams in cbse board
Very nice
Very good notes
Very very helpful
It's very awesome notes that help a lot in my study..... A lot of thanks to Drono..........
Think so will be useful in my exams so thought to be good
Think so will be useful in my exams
These notes help me in my study to do my best.
it is useful for study. We can study early and it makes students to by full A+
Awesome
Notes are written in such a manner that after reading them there is no chance of any doubt prevailing. Nothing is outside of NCERT course. Thanks a lot.
Awesome.. Dron study... Really very helpful...
Pleasure seeing your chapter notes on Carbon and its Compounds. Very much helpful.
thank you so much for helping us by making this notes it helps us a lot in our exams.
good notes
good content
Wowww love you dronstudy
Wowwwww I love dronstudy
garda
Wow sir thanks
Ggooooooooooddddddd veeeerrrryyy
It is very helpfulnotes
Thanks
Very useful for the board exam.i scored 99.5 in chemistry after reading this thank u
Superb notes....really helpful
woooooo....
very nice I Like DRONSTUDY
Just Amazing .... All the topics are covered nicely......it's awesome
Interesting topics with a cool.. Eienstein
Really these notes are very helpful
It helps me very much
Thanks dronstudy....
Very good answers started to love chemistry especially carbon and it's compounds in fact before I was having difficulties in understanding but now im quite good in this. THANK YOU DRON STUDY
very nice
really this is very helpful for me
very nice it is really helpful
sir, ye material aapne konsi book se liye hai uska author name bta skte hai??
Excellent notes it really help me a lot
Its really use full notes
Nice note
Wow awesome nice nd understandable note
speacless....
Nice notes very helpful
I have a question.
Is this enough to read for board exams?
If I read this alone will I score more than 90%
very helpful
It's really god...thank u soo much
It's really helpful...! Thank u soo much.
Good
Good notes for exams . Easy to understand , it is very helpful for me. Tnx #dronstudy
this notes is helpful
Excellent notes and help ful
Best notes
mast h...
osum notes !!!!!
dronstudy thnx a lot
NICE NOTES BUT I GET THIS ALL SO LATE............... BUT THEN ALSO THANKSSS.......
awesome note
Wonderful...
Vry useful...
Vry useful....
Sahi hai yaar!!!!!!
Nice helpful
Awsm.....it helped me a lot before exam..... thankyou somuch...... Ma'am/sir...
It's awesome
Nice notes
Really helpful. Thkq sir
it was very useful
it ws very useful
it was very helpfull
yeah.... good
it was good but need the answer of some tricky question
Excellent notes
Wah sardar gajab nates tha yar bangayi padhai interest ing
Thankyou dronstudy
Now I have no fear of exams
really it's good
Very nice
Nice
Notes
ok
good notes
good
Good. Helpful to me
Your material is very helpful and important for scoring high marks in my class 10 board exam .
2-methyl hexane -3 all
Nice notes it helped me a lot for my exams
awesome notes
thank you!!!!
Very nicely explain.......I just love it☺☺
Very helpful study material.
Thank you dron study...
nice notes very helpful
Kya notes hi... Sach me
very Helpful, Awesome Notes
ossmmmm notes
osmmm
good notes I thanks you. Please prepare more apps
HELPFULL FOR ME
Badiya bhai gajab kya notes ha maza aa gaya padh na ma
These notes are very useful for me and cleared my all doubts.
These notes are very useful and cleared my all doubts. Thanks dronstudy
Wow! It was really helpful in quick revision of chapter, well done.
better than school study
Amazingggg notess....
Thnknk uhhhh
this website has always helped me to make all my notes plus it is not like other sites like meritnation which ask for so many details waste time. This website helps me make optimum use of my time. Thank you dronstudy
nice notes thanks for helping
awesome notes
Nice notes t
Nice notes this is amazing
What a fantastic bomblastic and elastic notes
This is just amazing
Yeah
I agree with you.
nice i like your method
Mind blowing out standing fabulous
Very beautiful notes pdke mza aa gya
How to download notes
how to download this ...??
After reading these notes, my doubt has been cleared....
I like it so much............................................
Sorry You have explained
You haven't explained about Ester
Super notes it's very helpful for examination.Thanks to dronstudy
Awesome notes save my lot of time
too good ! very helpful to us.
THANK U
Its gonna rock
Very helpful and nice
Very helpful
WOW
This was really very nice I feel thankful to dron study...it had revised my knowledge to prepare for the exam
Yes it is very helpful for our exams
It's really good stuff....!!
Your study material is really helping alot.!
Its really helpful
This chapter is very interesting one the more you will read this chapter you will get more knowledge
atiuttatm notes
Really very very thankful to Dronstudy that u prepare this type of Simple and Understandable notes for us.
Really this helps me lot in my exam.
superb
superb
Very helpful notes....
Will these notes really work for the exams ?
awesome notes.... very helpful !.
How to download this ???
Yaaar.... Just amazing.. It helps me a lot... LOADS OF THANKS TO DRON STUDY... Just fantastic notes of all the chapter.. Especially of Science.... Thankyou dronstudy.com once again..
How to download ??
its tooooooo good! AWESOME
I have no words to appriciate it...........very NICE
Yes, ofcourse very good notes , and helping understanding the topic but you octane structure is wrong this is heptane
The notes are osm n very helpful .... thanku
It's really very helpful ....
Helpful
wonderful
Really very helpful notes
Really vry helpful notes
really nice notes it will help me to get good marks in my exams
nice notes
well and good notes for short revision
It is outstanding keep it up
It is outstanding
Great
Excellent Notes
Excellent notes.....
Great work sir...
Hats off
Just perfect i salute you
Thank you so much dronstudy for these brilliant and excellent notes which are very helpful for me and my friends
Thank you dronstudy for these helpful and brilliant notes
Better then others
very dumb
This study material amazing.
THANKS for this
Thank you
Where is the lesson of chemical bonding
I have got excellenet marks by the help of these notes
outstanding notes but i cant save these notes
Good notes
I like the notes
Wow..........................................................................................................
Yes
Really, such notes were needed
And we're delightful to have them here:)
Thank you so much dronstudy.com
Really, such notes were needed
And we're delightful to have them here 🙂
Thank you so much dronstudy.com!
i want to download thia as pdf file how i do it
super
good notes
these notes are really very useful and helped me a lot
helped me a lot and very useful
very good notes...
Very nice and helpful
It really helped me
one of the best notes
fantastic
bhaut badiya notes h
Awesome notes. Thank you so much.☺
Very nicely explained.....
they are really nice .
GOOD WORK dronstudy
thank you dron study
thank you Dronstudy
One of the best notes after reading this we don't need to check the textbook only Woah
Fabulous notes
Really good
but appreciate the work put into this, will surely help ppl during exams hopefully.
to b honest these notes are just not up to the mark.
but appreciate the work put into this, will surely help ppl during exams hopefully.
Seriously nice notes
thnks dronstudy!!!
vry useful to me...
Very helpful notes....really appreciate your work
This app is very awesome
It's notes is very good
Nice . . Help from drone study
Osm notes its very helpful
Such a awesome notes. U people surely help student to score full marks in coming board exams. I know ur team surely helps students and they also get rid of ridiculous explanation paragraphs. I am so much impressed and going to download dron study app
thanks to all team
As always,
Gautam Arora
how i download
quick and smart way
Best understand topic
thanx it is important for me again thanyou so much
Thankyou....
Very nice notes..AWESOME for a quick and thorough recap.
Very nice notes...Awesome for a quick and thorough recap.
its working nice notes
Very helpful in exam preparation..
It's very useful to me
Superr notes
thank you
Amazingly explained notes
Very nice topics
Awesome
really
nice notes
Nice notes,
Very helpful
Thanks
the best notes ever i had seen before
veryyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy usefulllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Best way of study
Best way of study
Nice notes
Really very nice , it is really easy to understand
Nice job. Now, I think I am able to understand Organic Chemistry.
Thankyou!
it is very helpful to me......
Very helpfull point
Very very very very very very very good
o to h
Superub notes...thnx a lott..
Osum notes
althogh the are good
Very helpful
good notes
mast ha
Very helpful
Nice and easy notes
It is soo helpful to me ... thanks for creating such type of notes
quite good
gajjab yar i can understsnd this notes because this notes is so good
It's. Awesome for me. Thanks dronstudy.
Awesome notes
EXCELLENT
notes are oSSSuum...
these notes are very in expanded form. these notes can make this chapter easy to study.....
these are the best notes
it really helps me out
Itvhelpeed me a lot
Good job its really helpful......
Nice note,s friends
Very helpful notes
This is very good notes
Yes art easy to study
It enhance education of students and gaves more and more knowgable things which related to our topics
It was best app for stuyding
Much best notes
Thanks Sir You Help me By Dronstudy
Really very helpfull for students .written in an easy way that can be understandable by students....
Best notes
Awesome notes
Very useful notes
very nice
kya notes hai
Thanks sir very easy and good notes
These are very impressive notes and very f_ _ _........
vvvvv
Fabulous and thanku for helping me out.
Fabulous and thanku for helping me out
That is Nice
Nice
amazing I like it very much
Too awesome! Better than the coaching institute that produced the JEE AIR 1. Seriously!
THANK TO ALL ITS MEMBER .......
excellent job dronstudy.......
The notes that is provided above is the besteststststs notes I ever read.. ......
Thanks for giving these types of notes
Bawaal
Nice
really nice,well organised notes
Outstanding notes
I love this note
Thank u drone studies ...it's a pleasure for us to have ur notes
luv dronstudy
very helpful. according to me this chapter was difficult but these notes makes it easier.
Good notes
GardAa
really nice Yarr .... The way you explained is osssam . Thanku so much
Just only helpful
awesome note's these notes have cleared all my doubts
soo useful notes ....very helpful...
Wow good
thnx...very very useful notes.
Message * help full for study
whooooooooooooooooo
Superb notes for this chapter. I have not been able to understand this chapter easily but after these notes now it is easy for me to attempt any question from this chapter
Superb................
Nice notes
Very helpful to do homework
Simply superb...is able to get the basics properly
Very useful notes for exam
The best material i have so far studied
Really helpfull
thanks for making these usful notes
Message *deserves to be appreci
ated very nice
awesome....
Really excellent notes.. very useful in exam point of view.
understanding and interesting. tnx
Superb
awesome
Really osum notes
very helpful
thank u
this is really healpful site , as it help me a lot
to understand the topic "soaps and detergents",which i wasn't able to understand from my book . thanks a lot
DRONSTUDY!!
Awsm notes DS
It hepls me too much
awesome,really good
awesome , really good !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
it was really nice
it was really nice but I want videos on this chapter
these notes are great!!!
[email protected]@!!!!
These notes is very helpful for me and after reading there is no fear of exam
Thanx for this notes
These notes is very helpful for me and after reading there is no fear of exam
really dronstudy is very helpful for me
OUTSTANDING NOTES, KEEP IT UP.
Very useful
Thanks for the notes buddy. Its really helpful
It's really informative !!! I enjoyed reading the notes. Its complete notes i believe and really helped me
Gd.... Was very helpful
I will try to convince my frnds to follow u for notes..... Mainly during xams
Good I.m.really thankful to this app
fabulous
After studying the hard concepts my all doubts are clear
It clear the hard concept very easily
thanks keep visiting Ayush
Dhinka chika dhinka chika
Dhinka chika dhinka chika
nice job
Very useful and time-saving notes.
Thank you
Helped me a lot Thanks a lot!!???
Your most welcome
excellent....
veeerrryyy helppful..
Thank you
Agar mujhe pehle pata hota to mujhe tution jana nahi parhta.THANX for giving notes.
Your most welcome Arshaddul siddique
Notes are very innovative
Thabk you
nice notes
Thank you pritam
easy language notes
Thank you
superb notes
Really very helpful
very helpfull notes maan gye
nyc
great!!!
cannot find better notes elsewhere. even my coaching class fails before your explainations......
great!!!!
cannot find better notes elsewhere. even my coaching class fails before this explaination....
oh yeah
Good
Superb notes
oh yeah
you are a good boy karan i must admit. keep it up and study well. be happy and follow sherlock .thank you very much for your valuable comment
Very nice notes
Honest is the best thing.
Very good notes this chapter
?✌
Honest is the best thing.
Very good
That's too good
Amazing!!! really helpful notes.. it helped me so much for my FA
ab koe or notes ki zrurrt nhi h
i want to thank that person who uploaded this notes
Nice notes
EK NUMBER NOTES H YAAR
thank you neha mam for your valuable feedback
Very good notes
Thank u dronstudy
perfect
These notes are really helpfull and dron study is the best
Thanx dron study
it's is the best notes on the web 4this chapter.
very informative notes
HELPFUL NOTES FOR PREPARING EXAM...
Thnkuso much..Thts Really really helpful..
Nd also Thnk God ki apne notes K liye to paise ni liye..
really helping
superb notes bro
What's! note it is excellent.
Thanks a lot...
What's! notes it is excellent.
nice way to help students
Very nice for the students who have the desire to read
It's a good thing to study more and more
Very useful and boom for student
Thank for this
Thanks Dronstudy 🙂 Now I will secure full marks in my FA3.
Awesome notes and beautiful notes because easy to understand and really helpful notes
Awesome notes and beautiful notes because easy to understand and really helpful.
thnks dronstudy
nice notes ,gjjjb
awesome
Gajab
Nyc app
nice notes
helpful notes
Thank you sir your notes super
It is best
awesome notes which i never had seen
nice
Better than @ll#
Sach me yrrr MST h.........really helpful ..
Very helpful to us
nc
Excellent notes for a student
gajab yarr tune toh mujhe pass krwa diya
it is usefull
Message *excellent notes
It's too good because in this notes everything is clear
nice very good excellent
superb
It's really nice notes
Really awesome notes for the chapter , my concept is clear.
I m fan of u and ur notes are very nice .
nice
I like this
Very good it is amazing
great site very very very very helpful but too lengthy to write. -_- understand teachers
Beat notes ever read...aaj kl koi site free mein notes nhi deti...but u did...thanx for helping
very helpful
very gooooooooood notes.
thanks dron study for giving us the better knowledge
nice notes
nice
Nice but I want that pleas a made a download option
It is well but you get more better in your inquisitive in reading this topic or other bookes. ...........................thanks☺?
Awesome notes
These notes are very helpful
thks
U r the best sir
Very excellent notes
it is beyond my imagination!!!
it is too good resource of studying
Just the best
Very useful notes for exam just wow dronstudy I like it.
DRONSTUDY A ANOTHER LEVEL IT IS............
good i like it
Very well
I will can not explain about this website
because this website is related to study
and I alredy know study is very important of lifeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
so, i like it very much
Very very gooood notes .....amagin .....videos are not gooood but notessss wool woooo woooo rocking ...........
gjab mere bhi
it is the best
awesome notes...easy to study
It will help me in my studies
I agree with u
hahaha so funny
Excellent notes
Really good notes
Awesome notes you are the best bro..........
Message * very helpful and very understandable.
these are verrrrry helpfullllllll
Vry wellll,,,so nycc ....its excellemt
Very HELPFULL Notes
very well notes . thanks a lot. it really helped me.
thanks a lot . this is really helpful. my funda is clear
Superb.... Thnq dronstudy
gazab hai yarr . its just wow
Superrrrb
It's a nice intro of this chapter and I understand this chapter by dronstudy.com
Not by book it is so useful note and I read organic or inorganic its an new for me
Thank you dronstudy
And I request you to update a chapter in new and add some mores.
Like properties of carbon please add this and some more...
!!!!!!♡♡♡♡♡ THIS SITE DRONSTUDY.COM
#JUSTIEN KHAN...the snipper of heart.
nice
good
fantastic notes
please can you give these notes in pdf file
Osm
I like it
Thank you sir. Your notes are very helpful. Each and every topic is covered in your notes.
nice notes
maza aga notes dekh ta
Really very very helpful notes
Really very very very helpful
hilarious notes
what an auspicious notes
Thanks ... its really good thanks a lot..
Just out standing
Awesome and tysm
Excellent notes
cool
very nice
Vry nice
Very good notes for study
Good notes
I like this notes these are very helpful for me
thanx
Nice and help full
Very useful notes...thanks dronstudy:-)
I like so much dron study's notes.
I always read only dron study's notes.
very nice and useful to all students
That's truly good..!!!
Amazing
good explaination
nice
super
Very good
sir u r awsm i dont have words 2 say
sir u r awsm i dont have a word 2 say
wow..
very helpful
very good and useful
awesssssssssssssooooooooooommmmmmmmeeeeeeeeee!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
l think that it is easy way to understand this chapter thankyou
I want to do brief study of hydrocarbons in both saturated and unsaturated can you provide me that
Perfect
nice notes
A helping hand
I hope this notes is very useful forme and my friends
NOTHING SIMPLYBEST
very help full thanks to DRONSTUDY
very nice help full enjoyed a lot thanks to DRONSTUDY
NICE
its very much useful for students and the words used here are understandable. thank u dronstudy....
Excellent
wow nice notes
awesome notes
awesome
fabulous..and thanks dronstudy..:D
thank q soooooooooooooo much
very good information regarding carbon.It helps 10th class a lot. THANK Q soooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo much
very well
too good
THAT IS GR8
thanks for these notes they are very helpful
Excellent notes
dronstudy best website
well explained all concepts.....
dron study best
that was of great help
These notes are in easy way to understand
It helped me a lot. Thanks to dron study.
nice ......................
its helpful for exams
material provided by dronstudy..........is good
Awesome....!!
it is very useful for me...
awsmmm notes
Awesmmmm notes
Thanxxxxx
Great Notes!! ^_^
it helped me a lot thank you
best notes!!! made my study easier!!
Helpful notes
Helpful notes